Crowd Management

Group the board Preparing for catastrophes Whenever enormous quantities of individuals meet up to watch an occasion, there is potential for serious debacles. Nobody ever presumes that day watching a game occasion is a significant hazard to life and wellbeing yet history demonstrates something else. Game managers are required to lead chance reviewing for a wide range of occasions, huge and little. Any inability to do this can bring about a claims for carelessness. One significant part of hazard reviewing is to inspect every conceivable hazard related with spectators.Risks related with onlookers can emerge because of the conduct of observers and specifically when observers start to take ona swarm attitude. Hazard related with physical courses of action, measurements and format of the scene should likewise be analyzed. Game executives truly need to know Murphy's Law (anything that can turn out badly, will turn out badly). Group Control There is a need to make a cautious estimation of th e quantity of staff * Manage passage and ways out Control/watch all regions of the ground/office * Control a departure should it end up being essential * Raise the alert and liaise with crisis administrations * Having adequate staff to deal with a crisis is a â€Å"Duty of Care† It would be along these lines judicious to counsel proper crisis specialists (police, fire administration, and so on) in this issue. Preparing in Crowd Control The association ought to furnish courses that give the member information on the capacities and jobs of a group controller.Such a course may include: * Roles and duties * Communication and customers * Operational systems * Managing execution * Managing struggle * Emergency medical aid * Crowd control activities * Law and practice * Emergency strategies * Access control * Securing premises and property notwithstanding this preparation, occasion supervisors and scene chiefs ought to give extra preparing to acquaint their group control staff with explicit parts of the office or venue.For model, it will be important to know the: * Location of ways out, steps and different parts of structures * Position of crisis hardware, for example, fire hoses * Location of specialized gadgets e. g. cautions, open location frameworks and phones It will likewise be important to give preparing in the scene's or facilitating association's strategies and methodology for occasion the board and control. These approaches and methods ought to incorporate directing drills and tests to guarantee staff have the information required.

Racial Profiling (Research Proposal) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Racial Profiling (Research Proposal) - Essay Example changed the socio-social estimations of a nation, driving them to plan new systems and approaches to address the difficulties of the rising pluralistic social orders. The changing qualities require advancement of another social request which would hold onto multi social qualities as well as help manufacture an all inclusive bond that would rise above race and strict limits. In this manner racial profiling isn't just an ethically degenerative practice yet it is the most detestable practice that disregards human rights and advances an intentional feeling of imbalance and dread among the minority ethnic gathering who are assigned by their shade of skin. Extensively racial profiling can be characterized as those activities of police and government authorities that depend on racial preferences. In the new rising conditions of society, racial profiling has gotten amazingly hostile and the segregate conduct of police and individuals in expert in government offices, have suggested intense conversation starters of the pertinence of the basic privileges of the residents having distinctive skin shading. In excess of thirty 2,000,000 Americans have been exposed to racial profiling and around eighty seven millions Americans are at high danger of being exposed to it in future (RP, 2004). The human rights infringement and badgering, for the sake of equity has incited a wide spread sentiment of shock and national disgrace. There is earnest need to address racial profiling. The reason for the examination is to lead a far reaching investigation of individuals who have experienced barbarities under racial profiling and those live under the consistent dread of turning into its casualty in future. The investigation would be a push to draw out the more extensive repercussions of racial profiling and might want to concentrate on the desires for the individuals originating from various races. The examination would likewise be utilized to mirror the assessment of white individuals and attempt to unravel the underlying driver that advances such practices against minorities individuals. The investigation

The Story of Sake

The Story of Sake The Story of Sake The Story of Sake By Mark Nichol Purpose is one of those shapeless yet explicit words that are utilized in a set number of conditions. This post examines its inception and employments. Purpose (from the Old English term sacu, which means â€Å"guilt†), which principally implies â€Å"end† or â€Å"purpose,† is utilized most straightforwardly in phrases starting â€Å"for the purpose of†: â€Å"For the purpose of appearances† relates to something done exclusively to bring about positive discernment instead of true, functional advantage, while â€Å"for the purpose of argument† presents a theoretical suggestion that includes an opposite perspective, as in, â€Å"For the purpose of contention, let’s state that what has all the earmarks of being murder was an accident.† In the mean time, â€Å"for the purpose of it† is an informal expression meaning â€Å"for no specific reason†; heck, as a good for nothing intensifier, frequently substitutes purpose in this utilization. On the other hand, â€Å"for old time’s sake† relates to something done as a gesture to sentimentality. Likewise, one can compose â€Å"for (one’s) sake,† as in â€Å"For John’s purpose, we didn’t inform him concerning the implicating letter,† where purpose implies â€Å"benefit† or â€Å"welfare.† But â€Å"for God’s sake†/â€Å"for Christ’s sake† (the last now and then styled â€Å"for chrissake†) is an articulation without significance but to communicate some warmed feeling, for example, irritation. For code word, such an expression is regularly bowdlerized to something like â€Å"for Pete’s sake,† propelled maybe by St. Peter’s name or by the articulation â€Å"for pity’s sake† as a major aspect of a supplication for kindness. Varieties incorporate â€Å"for heaven’s sake† and â€Å"for goodness’ sake†; note the punctuation showing the genitive condition of goodness, flagging that the purpose â€Å"belongs† to goodness. (Indeed, even in content in which the style is for a s to follow a punctuation in possessive case, this colloquial style wins.) Conversely, the expression is now and then rendered increasingly intense by supplanting the center word with a word comparable to wielding one’s center finger. The compound namesake initially implied, truly, â€Å"one named for another,† alluding to a kid named after a parent or another grown-up to respect that individual; presently, its significance stretches out to â€Å"anyone sharing one’s name.† On that model was token instituted; it alludes to something initially having a place with, or in any case connected with an expired or withdrew individual that is kept by another to respect the first person’s memory. The word spurn (past tense spurned, and neglected as a past participle and a modifier), which means â€Å"abandon† or â€Å"renounce,† comes from the Old English strengthening prefix for-, meaning â€Å"completely,† and purpose in its unique feeling of â€Å"accuse† or â€Å"dispute.† The descriptor godforsaken-actually, â€Å"abandoned by God†-alludes to somewhere or something ignored or remote. Purpose is additionally found in the articulation â€Å"Art for art’s sake,† alluding to the opinion that workmanship exists on its own benefits and requires no defense. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?The Four Sounds of the Spelling OUKn-Words in English

Disabilities Essay Download Pdf - Free Essay Example

Education: Issues and Inequalities A large number of children are being deprived of their right to study. Education is important to be able to build a better nation. However there are some cases wherein children are being banned from going to school because of their disability. Issues are arising and they need to be answered. Inequalities, especially in education, are not acceptable. This paper is about the strengths and weaknesses of inclusion and integration policies and support for children with special educational needs. To fully understand the subject it is best to define the issues and concepts involved. A review on research and studies done on education for special children will be presented. In the article written by Anastasia Vlachou (2008) she shows awareness on teachers to change their view regarding inclusion. Integration has been reported that requires change, creates discomfort and involves a considerable challenge to those whose careers, work and social relationships reinforce a segregated system. According to Vlachou (2008), it would be naÃÆ' ¯ve to believe that integration policy will happen as part of a natural evolution in attitudes towards students with special needs. Vlachou (2008) article will be discussed in the literat ure review together with the study done by several researchers. At the end of the paper the personal view of the writer regarding the subject will be presented. The inequalities and issues will be summarized to support the writers claim in the conclusion. Definition of Terms To fully understand what the topic is, it is best to define the important terms used in the paper. Inclusion as defined in the Webster dictionary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to put in or consider as part of a group or category. McBrien and Brandt of Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development define inclusion as based on the situation of the disabled child in school. The practice of educating children in one classroom, including children with physical, mental, and developmental disabilities is important. Inclusion classes often require a special assistant to the classroom teacher. The 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142) made inclusion a controversial topic by requiring a free and appropriate education with related services for each child in the least restrictive environment possible, and an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for each qualifying child. In 1991, the bill was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the revision broadened the definition of disabilities and added related services. (Hummel,2008). Another definition of inclusion is defined in the website of teachernet.com. One of the greatest challenges facing schools is the provision of appropriate learning opportunities for all pupils (www.teachernet.com). Within schools there are pupils with a range of abilities from different cultures, religions and social backgrounds. Some of these pupils experience barriers to learning as a result of their disability, heritage, gender, special educational need, ethnicity, social group, sexual orientation, race or culture. Research has proved that children from lower socio-economic backgrounds and/or specific ethnic and social groups are more likely to underachieve at school. This may lead to disaffection, low self-esteem, and marginalisation by others and, in some cases, formal exclusion from school. (www.teachernet.com). Some schools are more successful than others in meeting th e needs of pupils from diverse backgrounds. Mason, H. (2003) of Birminghan, UK presented process of inclusion in education: Increasing the participation of students with disabilities in, and reducing their exclusion from, curricula and communities of local schools; Restructuring the cultures, policies and practices in schools so that they respond to the diversity of students needs; Accepting diversity as normal and as a rich source for all students; Responding to the diverse needs of all students; Accommodating both different styles and rates of learning; Ensuring the quality of education to all students through appropriate curricula, support and teaching strategies; Accepting that inclusion in education is one aspect of inclusion in society. Another important term to define is the word integration. Integration traditionally refers to the education of children with special needs in mainstream settings. (Mason,H. 2003). Organ (1993) defines the term integration that pertains to a social domain; it does and should refer to individuals of different background who opt to interact. Review of Literature The review contains the study done by researchers on inclusion and integration policies in education of children with special needs. The article written by Schwartz, Odom and Sandall (1999), includes their research and found out that most of successful inclusive programs view inclusion as that starting point for all children. Children with disabilities are not expected to earn their way into early childhood programs by having the necessary entry skills (e.g. toilet training, communicating in sentences). ( Schwartz, Odom and Sandall, 1999), Programs may need to make special accommodations to make the inclusive experience successful. Jimmy lacked many of the skills that were typical of his four-year-old classmates; but the classroom teacher, itinerant teacher, and assistant teacher, with the help of the other classmates, arranged activities in ways that encouraged and even required Jimmy to participate. (Schwartz, Odom and Sandall,1999), This view of inclusion is based on th e belief that inclusion can be appropriate for all children; making it work successfully depends on planning, training, and support The Language of Learning: A Guide to Education Terms, by J. L. McBrien and R. S. Brandt, 1997, Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development https://www.teachernet.gov.uk https://www.icevi-europe.org/tt/ttw3/topic5.html Dr Heather Mason, Birmingham, UK Publication Date: Wednesday Aug 13, 1997 The true definition of integration Henry Organ https://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/spectrum/1997_Aug_13.GUEST130.html Including Young Children with Special Needs by Ilene S. Schwartz, Samuel L. Odom, and Susan R. Sandall https://www.newhorizons.org/spneeds/inclusion/information/schwartz3.htm#author School Site https://www.atocbkk.com/school_site.php https://www.ccboe.net/Teachers/Hummel_Heather/onlineresources.html

gone baby gone Essay - 615 Words

Gone Baby Gone Analysis According to Kant Theory I’m going to talk in this assignment about the movie: Gone Baby Gone; which is an incredible, fresh, and real film, and its relation with Kant theory. In this movie characters are rich and alive; the story is compelling, surprising, and not at all predictable. Kant said that one must have a respect for the moral law that is expressed in the intention, and I think that Patrick’s intentions were good because he did not want for the kidnapped girl (Amanda) to be involved in a world of lies, and neither to reproach himself for hiding the real truth. Also he wanted to do the correct thing or decision based on the moral law, and it was the reason why he informed†¦show more content†¦He acted according to Kant theory deciding what was morally good because he could not live with the fact that he let a child be kidnapped when he knew kidnapping is against the law, and is morally wrong. For Kant the presences of the good will are what make an action morally good, regardless of its consequences, and Patrick was thinking that his decision was right. I think that he will be taking care of this girl forever, because after he found Amanda he realizes that her mother will never change so he is going to feel a lot of responsibility with this girl. A detail that call my attention was that the girl’s mother said to Patrick that Amanda’s doll name was Mirabelle, and at the end of the movie when he ask to Amanda for her doll name, she answered that its name was Annabelle. This little detail means that her mother do not even know which is her daughter’s doll name, and she do not pay attention to the beautiful girl, that’s why I think that Patrick will always be taking a look to the little girl. Definitely according to Kant theory it was the right decision besides the consequences it can bringShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gone Baby Gone 1052 Words   |  5 PagesGone Baby Gone Dennis Lehane writes satisfyingly complex and disturbingly violent crime fiction that often crosses into thriller territory. These are not, however, cheap thrills. Even in their goriest moments, his books are grounded in rich, real-life detail. Lehane knows Boston and its denizens, and he captures the city’s subcultures beautifully -- from the hushed refinement of the old-money suburbs to the grittiness of tacky motels and bail-bond agencies. He has a unique way of presentingRead MoreGone Baby Gone Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Gone Baby Gone directed by Ben Affleck is centered on the kidnapping of a four-year old girl named Amanda. This movie is based in Boston in the Dorchester area. Even though this movie is centered on a kidnapping, there are other crimes being committed. In this film there is abuse of justice, negligence, police corruption, child molestation, drug abuse, and murder. Each of the main characters in this film commits a crime. The main characters in this film are Patrick Kenzie; the private investigatorRead MorePhilosophical Analysis of Gone Baby Gone Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual on the planet must grapple with this moral confusion in an attempt to find unique solutions to everyday dilemmas. In Affleck’s drama Gone Baby Gone, two very notable philosophies collide head on, and the protagonist must choose between the two to find the solution that he feels is ‘right.’ In Affleck’s brilliantly rendered drama Gone Baby Gone, a young girl is abducted from her mother, in a blue collar area of Boston, Massachusetts. Patrick Kenzie and his girlfriend are private investigatorsRead MoreGone, Baby, Gone591 Words   |  3 PagesLibrary Assignment: Kant’s Categorical Imperative (Deontology) Movie: Gone, Baby, Gone The categorical imperative is something we are fundamentally required to do irrespective of how we feel about doing it, and even if others around us are telling us to do something completely different. In other words, we must always do this. The categorical imperative is also a priority, which means it will always be and have always been morally good. As such, we have a duty to recognize, and accept, itsRead MoreGone Baby Gone By Ben Affleck1031 Words   |  5 Pagesdrastic decisions. Moral standards play a giant role in everyday life as well as the movie Gone Baby Gone. Gone Baby Gone is a movie directed by Ben Affleck which deals with many moral issues. Through the movie, we see that morals are violated left and right. For example, Patrick Kenzie would go to drastic measures to ensure Amanda got back safely to her mom. Another morality issue visible in Gone Baby Gone is the fact that Lionel knowingly sabotaged his family. A final morality issue in the movieRead MorePersonal Narra tive : My Best Friend1328 Words   |  6 Pagesimagine living 1,300 miles away. Growing up, we were resentful of each other. We used words and actions to get our point across. Not only did we slap each other, but also kicked and punched. I cried even if it didn’t hurt, that was me being a baby. My dad would scoop me in his arms and at the same time, discipline my sister. It was satisfying if you had asked my 8 year old self. Later on, Madison turned into my soul mate, as I began middle school, up until she had graduated high school.Read MoreSymbolic Meaning of the Land in Gone with the Wind6993 Words   |  28 PagesSymbolic Meaning on the Land in Gone with the Wind Abstract: The study of Gone with the Wind has mainly concerned with such aspects as the historical background of the American Civil War, the relationship between slave owners and slaves, Scarletts remarkable personality, and the conflicts between north and south cultures. Many more people read it as a love story. This thesis aims at analyzing the symbolic meaning of the land in this masterpiece to interpret this novel better. With applicationRead MoreEssay on Gone With The Wind1059 Words   |  5 PagesGone With the Wind The novel being summarized is titled Gone with the Wind, written by Margaret Mitchell. It was published in 1936, after it took her seven years to write, and won a Pulitzer Prize in 1937. Gone with the Wind was the only book Ms. Mitchell wrote and is an American Classic. Gone with the Wind was a story of men and women living in the south during the war between the states and of the south’s transformation after the war. The novel began in about 1861 at Tara and Twelve OaksRead MoreBook vs Movie, Disappointment in the Difference of Gone with the Wind751 Words   |  4 PagesThe first time I saw the film adaptation of a book I had read, I was appalled at the changes that had been made to the story. Both â€Å"Gone With the Wind†, the movie, and â€Å"Gone With the Wind†, the book, tell an epic story of life in Georgia at the time of the Civil War and Reconstruction Era and the effect of the war on the life of a spoiled Southern belle, Scarlett O’Hara. But t here are significant differences in the characters, events and perspectives that made me realize that a screen adaptationRead More The Character of Scarlet in Gone With the Wind Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Character of Scarlet in Gone With the Wind  Ã‚     My Dear, I dont give a damn, (718) Rhett Butler says this infamous quote to Scarlet OHara at the end of Gone With the Wind (1934), when the woman has finally poured her soul to him. The novel Gone with the Wind (1934) by Margaret Mitchell is a classic about the hard times suffered during and after the Civil War. Scarlet lives in the Confederacy and everyone there is for fighting for his or her noble Cause. The young southern belle Scarlet

Analysis Of Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club - 1637 Words

Relationships define a connection between two beings, whether it be through blood, friendship, or romance. In most cases, the first group that people experience is with their families. The kinship people are born into comes with ups and downs, which may cause a rift between both parties. Thus, maintaining a seamless connection may become a struggle between two dissimilar individuals, â€Å"Like many relationships, we have our struggles, our misunderstandings, and our miscommunications. We are very different people, but also very similar at the same time† (Goreski). Amy Tan, an author of numerous novels, understands the battle of relationships, especially between culturally diverse mothers and daughters. In one of Tan’s novels, The Joy Luck Club, she writes to get the point across of how difficult it is for contrasting cultures to communicate with one another, â€Å"...out of an intense concern with the individual artistic choices she was making at every level and at every moment† (Evans 3). The passionate message Tan stresses in the novel demonstrate how crucial communication is to her, specifically between a mother and daughter. In The Joy Luck Club, four women from China move to San Francisco to escape from their pasts. Their American-born daughters, however, seem to not comprehend why their mothers act and think the way they do. As the story unravels, the daughters and mothers come to understand each other. Jing-mei, one of the American-born daughters, is introduced withShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesLauren Lee 11 September 2016 English 203H 1st Period 3 paragraphs â€Å"The Joy Luck Club† Journey of the Swan In Amy Tan’s story â€Å"The Joy Luck Club,† Jing-mei recalls the struggles she is burdened by in not understanding the extensive sacrifices her mother made and the guilt she carries of never living to be her mother’s swan. For the majority of her life, June has battled with the tedious thoughts of why her mother never seemed content with her. â€Å"Auntie Lin and my mother were both best friends andRead MoreAnalysis Of Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club, Homer s Odyssey1480 Words   |  6 PagesElbert Hubbard once said â€Å"Our desires always disappoint us; for though we meet with something that. In Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club, Homer’s The Odyssey translated by Robert Fagles, and Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian, hope and expectation illustrate the thin line between success and utter destruction in which hope and expectation are found. Characters such as Junior, and Penelope have begun to master the art of hope, while characters such as June have people aroundRead MoreThe Movie, The Joy Luck Club, By Amy Tan1563 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie, the Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, we see many examples of the challenges of intercultural translations. The m ovie portrays cultural conflict between Chinese culture and the American culture as portrayed by the lives of four mothers and their daughters. The mothers were born and raised in China, adopting the high-content Chinese culture, while their daughters, born and raised in America, adopted the low-context American culture. This movie clearly brings out the cultural clashes andRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1567 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most complex relationships is that of a mother and daughter. Amy Tan is an author who writes about her life growing up as an Asian-American in Chinatown. Her novel The Joy Luck Club is a series of short stories about Chinese mothers and their assimilated daughters. One of these stories is â€Å"Two Kinds,† which looks into the life of Jing-Mei Woo and her struggle to gain a sense of self. Some key themes in The Joy Luck Club are the generational and intercultural differences among Chinese-AmericanRead MoreHuman Oppressiveness in Two Kinds and AP Essay2357 Words   |  10 PagesIt was Emerson who said it best, â€Å"For nonconformity, the world whips you with its displeasure† (Porter 1155). With a detailed look of Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP,† you will find that this quote is e ntirely applicable in the context of oppressiveness and in the likeness of â€Å"coming of age.† These two stories document the different perspectives of two characters’ growing up and how the role of the invisible hand of oppression guides developing adolescents into mature adults; withoutRead MoreOn Mother-Daughter Relationship in the Women Warrior6552 Words   |  27 Pagesa separate genre, of which Chinese-American literature is a most important part. While, the contemporary Chinese-American writers focused on races and cultural identity all the time, and a notable feature of more contemporary Chinese American women ¡Ã‚ ¯s writing is an emphasis upon mother-daughter relationship. We will have a look on the meaning of this phenomenon. Cultural confrontation and reconciliation is always a major concern of the Chinese American writers who live between two worlds. StandingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreImpooving Employee Performance72019 Words   |  289 PagesAppraisal Signiï ¬ cant Job Segments Standards of Performance 3. The Appraisal and the Interview The Appraisal Process Preparing for the Appraisal Interview Conducting the Appraisal Interview vii xiii xv 1 5 25 49 v vi C ON TE NT S 4. The Performance Improvement Plan Preparing an Effective Plan 5. On-the-Job Coaching The Effective Coach Coaching Approaches and Techniques 6. Five Program Requirements An Effective Performance Review Program Posttest Test Answers and Reasons for

Rate of photosynthesis Essay Example For Students

Rate of photosynthesis Essay Im going to investigate the amount of light used in photosynthisis to see if it has a noticable effect when you increase or decrease the light intensity. Photosynthisis is the way in which light and carbon-dioxide is used by a plant to produce energy in the form of starch. 6CO + 6H O = C H O + 6O The factors that effect the rate of photosynthisis are the amount of light, the amount of carbon-dioxide (CO ) and the temperature that can be used by the plant. I have already carried out the experiment to see the effects on a plant when you change the amount of carbon-dioxide. I found that the more carbon-dioxide used the faster the plant photosynthisied. To see if this rule (More of a limiting factor = The quiker the rate of photosynthisis) works, I will plan a experiment . My experiment will be to see if the light intensity follows this rule. I will use a aquatic plant as they can be used to see the effects under water.These plants still cotain chlorophyll (a light absorbing die thats converts light energy intochemical energy). To see if the amount of light intensity will effect the rate of photosynsis. I predict that the more amount of light you allow the chlorophyll to absorb the quicker the rate of photosynthisis will be. I think this because the amount of light is a limiting factor in the reaction of photosynthisis. So if you alow more of a limiting factor to be present in the chemical reaction it will all most certainly speed up the rate of that reaction. If a plant had the right amount of carbon-dioxide and the right temperature but the wrong amount of light the reaction of photosynthisis will be slow. This is because the reaction needs the light to let the plant turn the light Place the pond weed Inside the upside down Funnel Add 1 Spactular of Sodium Bicarbonate Inside the Upside Down Funnel Set the Lamp (thats connected to the power pack) to the Chosen distance Ethier 10,20,30,40,50cm away from the beaker Start the Stop Clock and time for three Minutes Count the Number Of Bubbles that the Pond Weed Gives off. Remember Repeat This Experiment 6 Times Using a Different distance Each Take results for the same amount of time Use the same amount of sodium bicarbonate Distance of lamp Bubbles realised Average from the plant in 3 minutes A graph to show the effects of light to the rate of photosynthisis Bibliography: .

The Great Wall of China Essay Sample free essay sample

My household and I went to the Great Wall of China on a Christmas Holiday three old ages ago. It was winter and the beautiful white snow poured down on the frozen land. The chilling air current seeped into the thick beds of my jacket and touched my organic structure with its cold slender fingers. We used the overseas telegram auto to make the top of The Great Wall. Siting in the overseas telegram auto was a awful experience because it sways to a great extent due to the strong air current blowing on the cold metal surface. The overseas telegram autos were forced to halt really frequently because of the turbulency. At the top of the Great Wall of China. the scene was merely beautiful. The tall mountains covered in soft powdery snow were antic scene. There were many tourers sing The Great Wall every bit good. The floor was slippery because of the moisture melted snow. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Wall of China Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everybody was cautious in their stairss so that they would non fall. The crowd was incredible. there was about as many people at the dark market as there were on the Great Wall of China. There were many merchandisers selling keepsake every bit good as a photo-taking service. No 1 would lose the opportunity of acquiring their exposures taken with their households. There were many tourers disputing themselves to mount the step to acquire higher on the Great Wall. The floor was slippery ; therefore they had to trust on the hand-railings to mount up the step. The scene was even more antic at the top of the incline. The snow radiances dazzlingly and reflected the brightness of the Sun. The top of Great Wall was terribly cold that I felt I was standing at the fringe benefit of North Pole. but the scene appreciation my eyes every bit good as other tourers. The sight of dropping snowflakes was like watching bright stars falling. It was the most arresting thing that I of all time seen with my really ain eyes. This was the first clip that I witnessed the existent feeling of the Mother Nature. After the sight-seeing. we took the overseas telegram auto down the Great Wall. We arrived at a little convenient store that sells food markets and drinks. My household and I drank hot tea to warm ourselves. The warm feeling of the tea was great after half a twenty-four hours exposed in the cold chilly winter air current. We bought shirts with the picture of the Great Wall and some other keepsakes to retrieve the magnetizing position on the Great Wall of China.

Free Essays on Customs in China

Common Knowlege Everyday Eating Customs in China Here in the West, because of the popularity of Chinese restaurants, we have some idea (to a greater or lesser degree authentic) of the sorts of food to be found in China, and many people have mastered (to a greater or lesser degree) the use of chopsticks. But the experience of eating at even the least Americanized Chinese restaurant scarcely resembles the experience of sharing an everyday family meal. Eating at a restaurant, both in the States and in China, has more in common with attending a banquet, which involves deliberate reversals and amplifications of everyday Chinese customs and habits. Family Meals Though customs and the kinds of food eaten vary according to region, it is most common for Chinese families to gather for three meals a day. In some areas and at some times of the year, laborers may have only two full meals a day, but when possible, they supplement these with up to three smaller ones, often taken at tea houses. There is not, in general, the strong association we have in the West between the type of food and the time of day it should be served (say, eggs for breakfast, a sandwich for lunch, pot roast for dinner). The sorts of dishes served at the two or three main meals are pretty much the same. The goal in planning, however, is to provide a number of dishes at each meal, so that, rather than experiencing difference by comparison between one meal and the next, each meal includes, in itself, a satisfying array of elements. The Stuff of the Meal The center of the Chinese meal is fan, or grain. So much so, that the meal itself is called hsia fan, "a period of grain." In the South and among urban families in other areas, the fan may be rice or rice products, but rice is expensive, as is the wheat eaten in the North in the form of cooked whole grains, noodles, or bread. Depending on the region, then, less prosperous families might make their meals of millet, sorghu... Free Essays on Customs in China Free Essays on Customs in China Common Knowlege Everyday Eating Customs in China Here in the West, because of the popularity of Chinese restaurants, we have some idea (to a greater or lesser degree authentic) of the sorts of food to be found in China, and many people have mastered (to a greater or lesser degree) the use of chopsticks. But the experience of eating at even the least Americanized Chinese restaurant scarcely resembles the experience of sharing an everyday family meal. Eating at a restaurant, both in the States and in China, has more in common with attending a banquet, which involves deliberate reversals and amplifications of everyday Chinese customs and habits. Family Meals Though customs and the kinds of food eaten vary according to region, it is most common for Chinese families to gather for three meals a day. In some areas and at some times of the year, laborers may have only two full meals a day, but when possible, they supplement these with up to three smaller ones, often taken at tea houses. There is not, in general, the strong association we have in the West between the type of food and the time of day it should be served (say, eggs for breakfast, a sandwich for lunch, pot roast for dinner). The sorts of dishes served at the two or three main meals are pretty much the same. The goal in planning, however, is to provide a number of dishes at each meal, so that, rather than experiencing difference by comparison between one meal and the next, each meal includes, in itself, a satisfying array of elements. The Stuff of the Meal The center of the Chinese meal is fan, or grain. So much so, that the meal itself is called hsia fan, "a period of grain." In the South and among urban families in other areas, the fan may be rice or rice products, but rice is expensive, as is the wheat eaten in the North in the form of cooked whole grains, noodles, or bread. Depending on the region, then, less prosperous families might make their meals of millet, sorghu...

Difference between Capital and Revenue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Difference between Capital and Revenue - Essay Example For instance, revenue can be funds that go towards staffing, utilities, daily supply, or purchases of services for external providers. In financial accounting these costs are referred to as revenue expenditures. These sorts of expenditures can be contrasted with capital. Capital, while physically constituting the organizations’ operating funds just like revenue, is spending that goes towards long-term assets. One recognizes that just like revenue expenditures, capital expenditures can constitute a variety of things. The main understanding that differentiates revenue expenditures from capital expenditures, however, is that capital expenditures are things that will last or have a shelf life for a number of years (‘What is a capital expenditure versus a revenue expenditure’ 2010). For a technology company, capital expenditures could constitute everything from buildings to expensive information technology platforms. For an oil company such as EXXON, capital expenditur es would be deep-water oilrigs, pipelines, or other such long-term

SOC 318 question set 2 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SOC 318 question set 2 - Research Proposal Example The decline in unionization means the continued expansion of the part-time, temporary, and contingent workforce, less job security, more economic insecurity, and a growing underclass of working poor. The vast majority of people living in poverty in the United States are not the unemployed, but the working poor. More than forty million Americans have no access to health care. Studies show that in industries with a high level of unionization, the wages, benefits, and working conditions of all workers in the same industry improve, whether or not they are unionized. Nonunion employers will frequently match union wages and benefits to maintain a competitive workforce. Conversely, in industries with low levels of unionization, there is much less regulation, and workers have few protections at the workplace. (http://www.jil.go.jp/event/ko_forum/kouenroku/documents/resume.pdf) Choose a leader of the labor movement. Conduct your own Internet research. You may want to search Ceasar Chavez, Jimmy Hoffa, Kate Mullany, Samuel Gompers, Crystal Lee Sutton (Norma Rae) or someone else. Introduce us to the person you have selected and the grievances they had with the workplace. What lessons can be learned from this leader Let's suppose the Department of L... identify three most important challenges facing the extractive industries today, 2. identify the single most underlying cause of these problems, and 3. offer one viable suggestion. Present your report to the class and decide which policy suggestion from the class is most realistic. Three most important challenges facing the extractive industries today are lack of effective communication, low trust for management, and ineffective technical infrastructure.A scenario in which management and employees talk and listen to one another and resolve problems together will increase employees' trust in management. If employees are to believe what the management says, there has to be continuous clear and open verbal and written communication, and this will be done according to a specific strategic plan of action. By not asking, not listening, not talking, not taking action and not opening numerous channels of communication, companies will feed the adversarial relationships that lead to unionization and to slowdowns, walkouts and strikes in companies where unions already are in place. (Harrow, 2004) 4. Hazardous work Based on information from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, how do jobs in the extractive industries rate What three conclusions can you draw regarding the dangers in these workplaces Challenge or confirm the conclusions of your classmates. According to the Workforce Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st Century Forum, which was hosted in April 2004 by the GAO, the 21st century workforce in the United States is expected to have a very different set of challenges and opportunities than those encountered by previous generations. These observations certainly apply to the extractive

Strategic Information System Essay Example for Free

Strategic Information System Essay 1. Introduction Given the rise of competition in the modern business industry, it is essential for firms to apply strategic use of information system (IS) to achieve competitive advantage (CA). In the recent years, top management of firms have little interest in the relationship between IS functions and corporate strategy leading to many problems because of failure in achieving strategies. According to Holsapple (2000), modern organizations are increasingly seen as knowledge-based enterprises in which proactive knowledge management is important for competitiveness. One of the major factors in competitive environment is knowledge management and companies for achieving the competitive advantage should concentrate in its IS. IS plays an important role in business operations as well as financial and non-financial aspects of the firm such as decision making as a big role of management. There has a growing realization to make ISs of strategic importance to an organization in the 80’s and 90’s. Systems that shape or support business unit’s competitive strategy are known as Strategic IS (Callon 1996, an Neumann 1994). According to Turban et al (2006), SIS is the ability to significantly change the manner in which business is conducted in order to give the firm strategic advantage. Porter (1996) believes that competitive advantage is at the core of a firm success or failure, such advantage seeks lead to control the market and to larger-than-average profits. This research paper provides information on how organizations apply strategic use of IS/It to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors. This paper pays particular attention to factors influencing the success or failure of organization attempts at gaining or enhancing competitive advantages, and how competitive advantages can be sustained. 1.1Background IS is a set of interrelated elements that collect (input), manipulate (process), store, and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an objective (refer to Figure 1). Figure 1.1: The Components of an Information System IS is a combination of people’s activities and information technologies that supports organisation’s operation and decisions making and strategies for competitive advantage. IS plays a vital role in business operation and financial and non-financial aspect such as decision-making. IS are classified either operations or management information systems. They are being grouped this way to identify the major roles each plays in the operations and managements of a business. An Information System consists of five basic resources: i) People Resources (end users and IS specialist) ii) Software Resources (programs and procedures) iii) Hardware Resources (machines and medias) iv) Data Resources (data and knowledge bases) v) Network Resources (communications media and network support) SISs are systems used to supports or shape a business unit’s competitive strategy (Callon, 1996, and Nerumann, 1944). It is characterised by its ability significantly revamp the way in which a business is conducted in order to provide the firm strategic advantage. SIS is classified by its ability to change the manner a business is conducted, in order to achieve strategic advantage for the firm (Turban et al, 2006). SISs play strategic roles helping firm to gain competitive advantage or reduces competitive disadvantage by changing goals, products or processes through information systems. A competitive strategy is a broad-based formula for how a business is going to compete, what its goals should be, and what plans and policies will be required to carry out those goals (Porter, 1985). Through its competitive strategy, firms seek a competitive advantage in the industry advantage over competitors in measures such as cost, quality, or speed. The success or failure of a firm fully depends on its competitive advantage against its competitors (Porter and Millar, 1985, and Porter, 1996), such advantage seeks to lead to control of the marker and to larger-than-average profits. Through contribution to strategic goals of an organization and ability to increase performance and productivity, SIS aids an organization gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. SISs enable firms to gain competitive advantage and benefit greatly at the expense of those subjected to competitive disadvantage (Turban et al, 2006). SIS focus on improving the firm’s competitive position through increasing employees’ productivity, streamlining business processes and making better decisions (Turban et al, 2006). An organization can survive and succeed in the long run as long as it have effectively develops strategies to go up against the five competitive forces that shape the structure of competition in its industry. The Porter five competitive forces are: Businesses can counter the threat of competitive forces in which they face by implementing one or more of the five basic competitive strategies. The five basic competitive strategies are: i) Cost Leadership Strategy ii) Differentiation Strategy iii) Innovation Strategy iv) Growth Strategies v) Alliance Strategy An organization can counter the forces of competition from its competitors by implementing one, some or all the strategies in different degrees. 2.Companies using IS/IT to gain competitive advantages 2.1Cigna HealthCare CRM System In 1999, Cigna HealthCare decided to upgrade its outdated and almost extinct CRM system to improve the efficiency of business operations and then improving customer satisfaction. Cigna was operating nearly two-decade-old CRM systems to handle its daily operation needs. It had multiple units for different roles such as membership enrollment, processing medical claims and verifying customer eligibility and they were not interconnected. Furthermore, Cigna received numerous complaints from doctors as the old and disintegrating processing systems delayed their medical benefits claim payment and was heftily slapped with a US$ 300,000 fine on 29th January 2001. Cigna’s Chief Information Officer (CIO), Andrea Anania planned to combine the information from the different information systems and develops a new integrated systems to handle all the process. Anania goal was for the CRM system to act like a â€Å"one-stop† portal, thus improving efficiency. Cigna awarded a budget of US$ 1 billion to develop the CRM system, which aims to reduce human intervention while speeding up the processing time of medical claims. During the implementation of the CRM, Cigna had a net loss of US$ 398 million for fiscal year 2002. This project had already exceeded the original budget of US$1 billion and had done substantial financial damaged to Cigna. 2.2Bank of America – MasterNet System Bank of America (BoA) developed Master Net trust accounting system in 1982 with a plan completion date of 31 December 1984. MasterNet consist of a large trust accounting system, TrustPlus, and eight smaller systems that augmented the core system. In 1986, migration process was greatly affected by technical problems such as poor response time and day long system crashes. In 1988, BoA announced that its trust business was being given to a subsidiary as it could no longer handle the operation requirements after a $78 million loss in the MasterNet project . 2.3 American Airlines – Knowledge Management System American Airlines understand the needs to analyze data collected through their computer reservation system, SABRE, an automated system with the ability to check flight and seats availability and making a reservation for customer developed in 1960s with IBM. In 1990, AA developed a knowledge management system, SMARTSTM (Sales Management and Report Tracking System) as a tool to leverage CRS reservation data and AA internal historical data on performance and bookings. SMARTS is able to run analysis for AA to develop finely tailored scheme based on AA’s market shares. The combination of SABRE and SMARTS creates the expertise exploitation capability for AA whose impact can be systematically assessed against the access to reservation system, which has become market-standard for competitive parity. 2.4 Wal-Mart – Point-of-Sale System Successful implementations of IS into daily practices have aided Wal-Mart in their quest to maintain the position of low cost leader (Thomas Wailgum, 2007). Wal-Mart had adopted the â€Å"point-of-sale† system; a computerized system which identifies sales of individual items, updates information into its server and modifies the on-hand quantity automatically. The system also analyzed data mined from the universal bar code and effectively transformed data collected from bar codes to useful information such as keeping track of sales trends for individual items as they are identified as an individual entity. 2.5Lesson Learned and Success Factors The author believed that the failure of Cigna CRM system was due to poor leadership and communication skills of Cigna’s CIO. Anania did not consulted professional to design the IT systems architecture required for transformation, instead she pooled 1400 employees from Cigna’s IT department and formed a team, made up of experienced project managers and new hires. Anania made an unethical decision to migrate 3.5 million customer’s data at one go instead of 10,000 per group to the new platform with out testing the integrity of the system due to pressing date lines leading to serious customer service problems surfacing immediately. As Cigna had lay off majority of its service center employee, believing that the new CRM will improved its productivity with lesser human input therefore leading to a shortage of experience staffs. Feedbacks and input from stakeholders was ignored by the managements during the development of the system, thus leading to the down fall of the CRM system and hitting Cigna with substantial financial damaged. The author feels if Cigna’s management culture had led to the failure of the IS. MasterNet have a leader who have a vision of technology but was not well versed technically and was too involve in other problems to focus on the project. BoA made two critical mistakes in handling of MasterNet. Firstly, BoA did not understand the difficulty involved and scope of MasterNet and sufficiently assess it risks when it was proposed. Secondly, BoA failed to take necessary fire-fighting actions when the project rolled out of control to minimize damage. The management only took notice of MasterNet when it performed so badly that it merited $23 million loss. Many mistakes made with respect to MasterNet were not specifically related to IS. The combinations of SMARTS and SABRE have assisted AA to become a market-standard for competitive parity. SMARTS is a system with ability to organize data by city, zone and territory of sales representative with analytical and presentation capabilities. SMARTS was design to provide reliable detailed information to sales representatives to influence travel agencies behavior strategically. Previously, sales representatives doesn’t have complete information about market shares and performance data of travel agencies in his territory and the job consisted mainly preserving a good working relationship with the travel agent. With the aid of SMARTS, the sales representatives are able to analyse market trends in detail and could easily identify opportunities than before, thus maximising productivity. Through the use of SMARTS system, AA’s intangible sales knowledge is enhanced as it is able to interpret movements in share and market. Aside to that, SMARTS help representatives highlight weak markets to the travel agency mangers to focus on. According to Mr. Jack Williams, Senior Vice-President of AA, SMARTS have introduced a huge culture change in their sales-force associated with the leveraging of the expertise as a result of the information in the system thus bringing an enormous advantage to AA, not easily copied by their competitors. The introduction of the barcode system have help Wal-Mart to maintain its low cost leadership. This system helped Wal-Mart to speed up its checkout cashier efficiency and eliminate problems of cashier keying in the wrong price for a product by scanning the barcode as previously the cashier have to manually key in the prices of all the goods according to the price tag. Aside to that, Wal-Mart was able to track its stock level and placed order when required. The system also has the ability to identify slow running products and prevents Wal-Mart from overstocking them. Through improving its information system, Wal-Mart has created a high barrier of entry for any company who wishes to enter the chain hyper-market industry. 3.Discussion Factors influencing organization to use IS as it business strategy are relatively dependent on internal and external forces of the business surrounding environment (Bob William, 2009). Internal forces that require considered and looked into are the current financial position of the firm. Budget required for IS implementation are considerably high, management allocating the funds for investment must be ensured minimal or perfect deployment of the IS. On top of that, employees capabilities also plays an important role during IS implementation. Firm needs to ensure that employees are at least computer literate and will have no problem operating or accessing the new system, else additional cost may be bared by the firm for training. The firm also needs to access the efficiency and effectiveness of its existing system and whether there is a need to upgrade or revise the current system to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Changes in consumer tastes, preference and purchasing pattern are external factors driving organization to implement IS. Consumers are becoming more IT savvy and surveys have shown customer swaying their purchasing pattern to electronic purchase due to convenient and time saving (James D. Gwartney, 2006). Companies need to understand and study consumer expectation and needs in order to analyse and implement business strategies to ensure business growth. Therefore, both internal and external factors are important consideration for implementation of IS to gain a competitive advantage as they complement each other. From the above examples, correct implementation of IS will give the firm a competitive advantage over its competition. Firms must understand their position from Porter’s five competitive forces and develop strategies and counter it to maintain competitive. As Howard et al, (1999) believed that competitive advantage could be gained if strategy development and ISs design are addressed simultaneously. Porter’s model identifies five competitive forces that affect competitive advantage in the market place. In order to establish a profitable and sustainable position, company needs to develop strategies of performing activities differently from its competitors to overcome these five forces. Strategy| Definition| Example| Strategic use of IS| Business Benefits| Cost Leadership| Produce products and/or services at the lowest cost in the industry| Dell Computer| Online build to order| Lowest-cost producer| Differentiation| Offer different products, services, or product features| Moen Inc| Online customer design| Increase in market share| Innovation| Introduce new products and services, put new features into existing products and services, or develop new ways to produce them| American Airlines| Analyse data| Market Leadership| Growth| Increase market share, acquire more customers, or sell more products| Wal-Mart| Merchandise ordering by global satellite network| Market Leadership| Alliance| Work with business partners in partnerships, alliances, joint ventures, or virtual companies| Wal-Mart/ Procter Gamble| Auto inventory replenishment by supplier| Reduced inventory cost/increased sales| Information systems can be used to help firms gain competitive advantage with the help of Porter’s competitive forces model for analyzing competitiveness and proper implementation of IS. According to Michael Porter, the main types of competitive advantage are low cost provider, differentiation and focus. Companies have use porter’s model to increase competitive edge and also demonstrated how IS can enhance competitiveness of corporation (Turban et al. 2006). Finally, firms need to sustain competitive advantages gained from the implementation of IS. In the real world, competitive advantage doesn’t normally last very long and is generally not sustainable over the long term (O’Brien 2011). When a firm gains competitive advantage over its competitors through innovation, competitors figure out how it was done through organizational learning. To neutralize the effect, competitors adopt the same or similar innovation and what was once a competitive advantage is now a competitive necessity. When these occur, firm needs to figure out new innovation to gain a competitive edge and the cycle starts. 4.Conclusion Technologies have changed the way business operates today. Manual processes in the past are now being automated and electronic communications have been heavily introduced in today’s business world. IS have evolved over the years and offer new possibilities to gain competitive advantage. Many businesses today have realized the important of technology and power it possess, but fail to understand the possible benefit achievable. The author learned that through proper planning and implementation of IS will lead to a competitive advantage gain for the organization. With the aid of IS, it will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of staff in the organization which in turn will save labor and consumable cost. 5.Reference Ahlemann Frederik. (2009). Towards a conceptual reference model for project management information system. International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 27, No.1, pp. 19-30 Ankit Bhatnagar. (2006). Strategic Information System Planning: Alignment of ‘IS/IT’ Planning and Business Planning, Unitee New Zealand. Amber S., Brooke W., Cheri E., Ismael M. Wesley B. (2011). Wal-Mart Information System Benjamin, R.I., D.W. Long, and M.S. Moron (1990). Electronic Data Interchange: How Much Competitive Advantage?. Long Range Planning, 23:1, pp. 29-40. Bruns, W,J, and F,W, McFarlan (1987). Information Technology Puts Power in Control Systems, Harvard Business Review, Sep-Oct, pp. 89-94 Callon, J. D., (1996). Competitive Advantage through Information Technology. New York: McGraw Hill, USA. Christiaanse, Ellen., Venkatraman, N. (2002). Beyand Sabre: An empricial test of expertise exploitation in electronic channels. MIS Quarterly, Vol. 26, No.1, pp. 15.38. Davenport, T.H., M. Hammer, and T.J. Metisto (1989). How Executives Can Shape Their Company’s Information Systems, Harvard Business Review. H. Russell Johnston and Michael R. Vitale (1988). Creating Competitive Advantage With Inter-organizational Information Systems. MIS Quartely, Jun 1988, pp. 153-165. Ives B., and G. P. Learmouth (1984). The Information System as a Competitive Weapon. Communication of the ACM Jeffery. G. Szilagyi. Bank of America’s Masternet System: A Case study in Risk Assessment Jeremy A. (2011). Supply Chain Management at Wal-Mart Johnston, H.R. and Carrico, S. R. (1988). Developing Capabilities to use Information Strategically. MIS Quarterly, pp. 37-48. Mahmood Hemmatfar (2010). Competitive Advantages and Strategic Information System. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 5, No 7, pp 158-169 M. Vinaya Kumar (2007). CRM Implementation Failure at Cigna Corporation, ICFAI Center for Management Research. Porter, M. E. (1996). What is a Strategy? Harvard Business Review, November – December 1996, pp 45-59. Porter, M. E. (2001). Strategic and the Internet. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp 62-74. Porter, M.E., and V. E. Millar (1985). How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 149-158. Ross, J. W. et al. (1996). Develop Long-Term Competitiveness through IT Assets. Sloan Management Review, Vol. 60, No 4, pp. 132-148. Teo, T. S. H. (2000). Using the Internet for Competitve Intelligence in Singapore. Competitive Intelligence Review, Vol. 8 Issue 2, pp. 16-23.

Managing Employee Retention and Turnover Essays -- Human Resource Mana

Managing Employee Retention and Turnover Employee retention has always been an important focus for human resource managers. Once a company has invested time and money to recruit and train a good employee, it is in their own best interest to retain that employee, to further develop and motivate him so that he continues to provide value to the organization. But, employers must also recognize and tend to what is in the best interest of their employees, if they intend to keep them. When a company overlooks the needs of its employees and focuses only on the needs of the organization, turnover often results. Excessive turnover in an organization is a prime indicator that something is not right in the employee environment. We will look at the differences between retention and turnover, why employees stay, reasons why they leave, and what can be done to save them. We will also examine some external factors that will make employee retention and turnover reduction highest priorities for human resource professionals. Basically, employee retention is measured by an employee's longevity with a company, and is the desired outcome of a company hiring workers it wants and needs. Many organizations find it more productive and profitable to redirect resources formerly allocated to recruiting, hiring, orienting, and training of new employees and use them instead toward employee retention programs. Such programs identify good performers who are likely to leave the company and work proactively to retain them. Although there is no tried-and-true prescription for retaining good employees, there are five factors that have a proven positive impact on retention and they should be taken into consideration when developing an employee retention program:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supervisor/Employee relationship - "Immediate supervisors who are also leaders of people will be the most important people in the workplace of the future..." (Jamrog, 2004) Today's supervisor is expected to be a coach, a trainer, and a mentor. Foremost, he must be able to communicate well up and down the organization. Employees who have honest, open relationships with their supervisors feel a sense of commitment to them.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employee engagement - The best employees are motivated by tasks that are intellectually stimulating and provide variety and challenge while contributing value. Studies from the Gallup organizat... ...and preparation will help employers more readily adapt. References AARP. 2002, Staying Ahead of the Curve: The AARP Work and Career Study. Wahington, D.C.: AARPRetention rodeo. Buhler, Patricia M. The exit interview: a goldmine of information Source: Supervision v. 63 no4. (Apr. 2002) p. 15-17. Database: WilsonSelectPlus. Ceridian Employee Services, http://www.ceridian.com/myceridian Christian & Timbers, www.ctnet.com Frank, Fredric D. The Race for Talent: Retaining and Engaging Workers in the 21st Century. Source: Human Resource Planning v.27 no3 (2004) p. 12-25. Database: WilsonSelectPlus Jamrog, Jay. The Perfect Storm: The Future of Retention and Engagement. Source: Human Resource Planning v. 27 no3 (2004) p. 26-33. Database: WilsonSelectPlus. Society for Human Resource Management (2003). Older Workers Survey. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2003) Customized Data Compilation, November 20. "Demographics and Destiny: Winning the War for Talent," Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Bethesda, Maryland; 301.581.4600 http://www.hermangroup.com/retentionconnection/ http://www.capitalhgroup.com/weAre/research/KeepingTopTalentSurvey.pdf

Radio-Movie Review of Mental Disabled Individual

Movie Review 11-1-2012 â€Å"Radio† The movie I picked to review was one I had not seen before, â€Å"Radio† starring Cuba Gooding Jr and Ed Harris. It is based on a true story of James Robert â€Å"Radio† Kennedy and tells the story of how a man who is mentally retarded becomes friends with the high school football coach. The coach befriends Radio after some of his players have bullied and hurt him. The movie opens with Radio pushing his cart through the street and shows a woman moving her child away from him, a man staring at him, and another man who almost runs him over calling him a â€Å"moron. I liked that they started this way to establish what he goes through on a daily basis. Radio is constantly looking down allowing the viewer to realize that he has some sort of disability. Other times throughout the movie members of the town can be seen starring and laughing at Radio. The coach ignores their behaviors and continues his friendship with Radio despite wh at others think. The film never establishes the exact cause of his disability but when Coach asks his mother what was wrong with him, she says the doctor just says â€Å"he is a little slower than most. As the coach got to know him, he learned that he loved radios, hence his nickname â€Å"Radio†. The coach tries to bring Radio into the team as an assistant. The school didn’t allow him to travel on the bus for the â€Å"safety† of the students. As the movie continues some of the townspeople begin to accept Radio while others are very irritated that he is a part of the football program. Coach always supports Radio and teaches him many things throughout their friendship. The coach’s family also comes to appreciate Radio and supports the friendship of the two men.The things that impacted me about the movie are the fact that it is based on a true-life story. The filmmakers did a good job of being realistic in the fact that not everyone is going to support a mentally challenged individual all of the sudden being a part of a football team. This is definitely the case. In my ideal world people with disabilities would not be bullied but would be accepted. This isn’t the case and the movie shows us this. Reality is that not everyone is comfortable with individuals with disabilities.One thing that bothered me about the movie was the look that Radio was given. He has a big front tooth and a chipped tooth. I believe it was at the end of the movie that in the credits you get to see a picture of the real Radio. He does not have perfect teeth just as the character didn’t in the movie. However, the movie cover picture doesn’t have the actor with messed up teeth. To me this shows that they aren’t completely portraying the character the way they should. They are still out to sell their movie and â€Å"pretty† probably sells better than reality sometimes.There were times in the movie that I was angry with some of th e people in the town. More than this though, there were times that I was proud of the coach. I was proud of those that came together to make sure Radio had a good Christmas after his mother had passed away. I was mostly proud of Radio for in return giving the presents that he had received to individuals that had been mean to him in the past. The movie is an inspiring one! There are good people in the world.

Essay on pulp fiction - 2691 Words

Pulp Fiction (1994) is a mesmerizing, violent and entertaining movie. It has a bizarre cast of characters, a nonlinear sequence of events and endless references to pop culture. The underlying theme of the movie, however, deals with religion and the transformation of two characters: Jules (Samuel L. Jackson) and Butch (Bruce Willis). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the beginning of the film, Vincent (John Travolta) has returned from a stay in Amsterdam, and the conversation between Jules and Vincent deals with what Big Macs and Quarter Pounders are called in Europe. As the movie moves on, other references are the Fonz on Happy Days, Arnold the Pig on Green Acres, the band Flock of Seagulls, Caine from Kung Fu, TV pilots, and other such†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jules always quotes this just before he kills someone. The point is that the passage refers to a system of values and meaning by which one could lead one’s life and make moral decisions. However, that system has no connection with Jules’s life and as he realizes later, the passage is actually meaningless to him. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In addition to the pop references in the film, its dialogue on language is concerned with naming things. What’s a Big Mac called? What’s a Quarter Pounder called? What’s a Whopper called? When Ringo (Tim Roth) calls the waitress â€Å"garà §on,† she tells him: â€Å"‘garà §on’ means ‘boy’.† When Butch’s girlfriend refers to his means of transportation as a â€Å"motorcycle,† he insists on correcting her: â€Å"It’s not a motorcycle, it’s a chopper.† When a Hispanic cab driver, however, asks Butch what his name means, he replies: â€Å"This is America, honey; our names don’t mean shit.† The point is clear that in the absence of any lasting ambition or value and meaning, our language no longer points to anything beyond itself. To call something good or evil makes it so since there’s no higher authority or criteria by which one might judge such things. Jules quotes the â€Å"Bible† before his executions, but he might as well be quoting the Fonz or Buddy Holly. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This absence of any kind of system for making value judgments, this lack of a larger meaning to their lives, creates aShow MoreRelated Pulp Fiction Essays1384 Words   |  6 PagesPulp Fiction The puzzle pieces are carefully fitted together as director Quentin Tarantino intermingles three different story lines in his hit movie Pulp Fiction. The movie begins in a quiet little diner as two petty robbers discuss their next mission. The mission in question involves two lovebirds (Amanda Plummer and Tim Roth) holding up unsuspecting restaurants, instead of their usual liquor stores. As their plan falls into action, time alters and we find ourselves riding down the streetRead MorePulp Fiction Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Values in Pulp Fiction Pulp fiction is a movie filled with drugs, violence, gambling, and pop iconography, describing how real-life society is going towards the â€Å"death of god† era; a life without morals. A lot of movie critics would say that Jules (Samuel L. Jackson) and Vincent (John Travolta) possess no ethical values, no sense of morality. They also say that the movie does not convey a message. The movie does convey a message; Quentin Tarantino just masks it behind the street-savvyRead MoreThe Movie Pulp Fiction 2123 Words   |  9 PagesPulp Fiction, a film where every 1950’s pop culture icon is on display from Zorro to Buddy Holly. Quentin Tarantino s 1994, Pulp Fiction, went on to win an Oscar for best original screenplay, and gained a cult following. This report will examine the film s relationship with Nihilist theory. The film is centered around Jules Winnfiel’s [Samuel L. Jackson] transformation, from someone with no sense of what to believe in, to someone who exper iences ‘Divine intervention’ and rethinks his system ofRead MoreNarrative Structure of Pulp Fiction1304 Words   |  6 PagesQuentin Tarantino United States Of America - 1994 John Travolta, Samel L. Jackson, Uma Thurman, Bruce Willis Quentin Tarantino’s American crime film â€Å"Pulp Fiction† is organized through three separate but interrelated storylines. There is one story that constructed by three distinct stories. At the beginning of the sequences, titles are shown on the black screen which provides a recognizable source for narration.The first story-Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace’s wife- is about Vincent VegaRead MorePulp Fiction Vs. Kill Bill1694 Words   |  7 PagesPulp Fiction Vs. Kill Bill I was a little late on the Kill Bill train and did not watch the movie until last year. As soon as the film started, I knew that it was going to be extremely intense. The same goes for Pulp Fiction. These two films directed by Quentin Tarantino were very different from all the other films that I’ve seen in my life. The mise en scene, dialogue, and music, were all different factors that intrigued me. I watched Pulp Fiction after watching Kill Bill and at first I thoughtRead MorePulp Fiction - a Sociological Debate1412 Words   |  6 Pagessome of the research approaches fore-mentioned. Analysing the main dimensions will be covered by discussing the appropriate concepts separately and by individually contrasting the classical and modern theories with Quentin Tarantino’s 1994 film ‘Pulp Fiction,’ known for its rich, diverse dialogue, ironic combination of humour and violence, a nonlinear storyline told in several differing orders, and a mass amount of cinema tic hints and popular culture references. A classical theory is HistoricalRead MoreEssay on Biblical References in Pulp Fiction1633 Words   |  7 Pages Pulp Fiction Throughout the movie Pulp Fiction, directed by Quentin Tarantino, there are many hidden references to religion and the Bible. The movie starts off, introducing our two main characters, Vincent Vega and Jules Winnfield, as two cheap hitmen in search of a package belonging to their boss, Marcellus Wallace. The package is retrieved, and they then began their job of returning it to their boss. Along the way, they ran into difficulties, such as Vegas so-called date with hisRead MorePulp Fiction Film Analysis1134 Words   |  5 Pages Pulp Fiction is a black comedy crime film written and directed Quentin Tarantino (1994). The film’s â€Å"narrative follows the unpredictable actions and reflections of two hit men who philosophically meditate out loud about the Bible, loyalty, and McDonald’s hamburgers† (Corrigan, White, 368). The movie goes against the three-act structure of classic films as the story is told out of chronological order making the film so memorable to its viewers. Tarantino’s film begins in a coffee shop and also endsRead MoreMovie Review : Pulp Fiction 1611 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1994, Quentin Tarantino released his American Crime film that was nominated for 7 Oscars, winning one, and is currently #95 on AFI’s 100 Greatest American Movies. The movie, Pulp Fiction, is about three characters that are all connected to the life of crime. The first character is Vincent, a man who follow ever y order his boss gives him. Vincent is satisfied with his life of crime and doesn’t plan on changing his lifestyle. The second main character is Jules, a man who believes that he recentlyRead MoreEssay about Postmodernism in Pulp Fiction1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe film Pulp Fiction was an immediate box office success when it was released in 1994 and it was also well received by the critics, and celebrated for the way it appeared to capture exactly a certain pre-millennial angst and dislocation in Western capitalist societies. The term post-modernist, often used to refer to art and architecture, was applied to this film. The pulp fiction refers to popular novels which are bought in large numbers by less well educated people and enjoyed for their entertainment

Marks and Spencer Business Ethics - 1863 Words

Task 1 P2 and Task 2 D1 (Unit 38) In this task 1 P2, I have been asked to explain the implications for Mamp;S and its stakeholders of the business operating ethically. For task 2 D1, I have been asked by using example, to evaluate the effects (consequences) of Mamp;S ethical behaviour on stakeholders and the business. Mamp;S does the right thing for their shareholders, customers, suppliers, colleagues, environment and their local communities. Their ethics outlines the behaviour that it holds as a business and conduct the organisation with the highest standards of honesty. The ethics code of Mamp;S describes the company policy and procedures which reminds them of behaviours that are unacceptable. Mamp;S’s tool of success is their†¦show more content†¦They are committed to the principle of sustainable development. They have the responsibly to current and future generation to use natural resources in a responsible manner to prevent unnecessary pollution. Mamp;S has to keep in mind about the government. They must follow the entire legal obligation and make sure they would not affect it. Mamp;S has to inform the government that their policy on products meets their legislation and is not affecting the environment and the community. Implications of operating ethically Influence of stakeholders and pressure groups Marks amp; Spencer’s pressure groups and stakeholders can influence their business as they are important when it come to an environmental issue. Pressure groups make the community aware of the issues and can attract the media and the government’s attention as they take the public’s opinion. Therefore it is important for Mamp;S to take their opinion serious and respect them and to take care of their public image as they do not want any impact on their business image and reputation. Ethical trading Marks amp; Spencer believes that their customers have the right to expect that their products will provide them good quality and value for money without using the people who work for their suppliers. For this reason, Marks and Spencer have a summary of the company’s ethical standards called the â€Å"Marks amp; Spencer Global Sourcing Principles† forms a part of the contract between MarksShow MoreRelatedMarks and Spencer Merger with Sainsbury Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pages 1. Background to organisational strategic change. Marks and Spencer plc is a UK-based company. Many people regard the business as a national institution. It is lovingly called Mamp;S and Marks and Sparks. Mamp;S is known as a best retailer. There are over 370 Marks amp; Spencer stores throughout the UK that sell clothing, food and household goods. The core of its retailing business is clothing, particularly womens. Over 80% of Marks amp; Spencers stores are sited in traditional highRead MoreBusiness Level 3 Unit 37 P31778 Words   |  8 Pagesimplications of business ethics facing Marks and Spencer in its different areas of activity. Ethics must be global, not local. In order to build a truly great global business the leaders need to bring forward a global standard of ethical practices. The only way to build a great global company is with a single global standard of business practices, vigorously communicated and rigorously enforced. Companies must layout the same business standards in Chicago, Paris, and Shanghai as in London. Marks and SpencerRead MoreBusiness Enviroment Unit 1 Task 12398 Words   |  10 PagesUnit 1: Business Environment Assignment 1 Understanding the Purpose of Business of Marks and Spencer PLC Introduction This assignment will focus on identifying the mission, values and key objectives of Marks and Spencer PLC and also access the influences of three of their stakeholders. It will also explain the responsibilities of the organisation and the strategies employed to meet them, overallRead MoreWhat Makes An Organization Ethical?1266 Words   |  6 Pagesmore efficient to work together as partners, groups, teams, which would eventually creating an ‘organisation’ when certain requirements have been met. An organisation is defined by the business dictionary: A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. (The Business Dictionary, 2015) An organisation consists of hundreds or even thousands of individuals, it would be extremely difficult keeping everybody within the organisation happy with their earnings;Read MoreMS AND RIVER ISLAND2833 Words   |  12 Pages-Management Report on MS and River Island. Name - Jain Akshay Kumar Ganpatlal Student Id - 4691888. Module name -Business Management and Decision-Making Process Module code - 206LON. Module teachers – Sunny Ramsurrun Date of submission - 07-04-2013. Word count – 2500 words. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) executive summary 3 2) introduction 3 3) COMPANY PROFILE OF marks spencer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 4) COMPANY PROFILE Of RiVER ISLAND†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 5) swot analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 6) Management OFRead More The Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility Essays1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility With the interest in Corporate Social Responsibility growing, increasing numbers of organisations are incorporating CSR into their business operations in an effort to be seen acting as good corporate citizens, so what is CSR what is its role in todays organizations? The term CSR refers to a company?s obligation to maximize its positive impact on society, accommodating changing social, market stakeholder pressures in an effort to achieveRead MoreConsumer Attitude Towards Mobile Shopping1265 Words   |  6 Pages‘Consumers attitude towards mobile shopping’ in relation to Marks and Spencer, the high street retailer that is known for selling British quality goods. Marks and Spencer provides clothing for women, men and children; as well as footwear, household items and food to its consumers. This report will focus specifically on offers and discounts on Marks and Spencer’s mobile application. Purpose It will investigate whether the offers and discounts on Marks and Spencer’s mobile application affect female consumers’Read MoreSustainability : A Long And Mixed History Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagespollution caused by transportation, there are endless increasing problems of waste disposal and many other problems that the world faces. It has been suggested that businesses require re-thinking and thus each business should apply the concept of sustainability which is a common term used in business ethics. Sustainability has a long and mixed history due to its importance (Crane and Matten, 2007). Sustainable development recognizes the importance of economic wealth, environmental integrity, and social balanceRead MoreA Report of Sustainability Issues Affecting the Retail Market in the Uk and the Quality and Content of Marks and Spencer’s Sustainability Report.5426 Words   |  22 Pagesdrivers 4.1 Evaluation of the Marks and Spencer Sustainability Report 4.1.1 Non Financial reporting 4.1.2 Environmental Strategy 4.1.3 Green technology and waste policy 4.1.4 Summary of evaluation 4.1.5 Conclusion 5.1 Recommendations 6.1 References 1.1 Executive Summary †¢ Sustainable Development needs to replace the traditional view of economic growth. †¢ Interdependency of issues relating to sustainable development, ecology, ethics, laws and technology. How industrialisationRead MoreA Brief Note On Agency Visit : Thresholds And Hrdi1334 Words   |  6 PagesThresholds). Thresholds has several locations throughout Chicago and even out to Kankakee, however Thresholds main location is 4101 N. Ravenswood, Chicago, IL. Currently Thresholds CEO is Mr. Mark Ishug. During the time of Mark Ishug being CEO, Thresholds was named as one of the â€Å"Top 100 Employers† in 2014 (Spencer, E). Thresholds has always believed in the idea of providing support for their members and valuing all of their individuals. Prior to the 1960s, there were few treatments utilized for mental

The First Modern Geographer Of The World - 1206 Words

Essay Test 1 Before, there was a word â€Å"geography† happen, this branch of knowledge still related to other branches of knowledge; for example, mathematics, geometry, astrology, astronomy, even if magic. So, geographer in the past worked in many branches of knowledge. From history of many countries showed that there were many famous geographer travel to explore the world or find the answer of measure and coordinate of the world, such as Ptolemy; he is famous in Astronomer, Cartographer, and Mathematician; he is an earliest geographer of the world; Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt, he is the first modern geographer. His famous work is â€Å"Cosmos†, it is a book which is about globe map. In addition, the purpose of the†¦show more content†¦Nowadays, geography helps human to understand the places in many parts of world. In addition, it makes a word â€Å"globalization† happen, because people around the world communicate to each ot her; to do business, trading, or using social media; although, they stay at opposite side of the world. In history of many countries, there are history about trading and it showed that many countries had been trade with other countries around the world; especially many countries in Europe and Asia. The reason why those countries have to trade each other, because each countries wanted the goods of other countries, because their country could not produce that goods or other reasons. After that, the merchants would bring those goods to their country and sold it to people in their country. However, because of technology in that time, merchants had to use long time to travel and transport those goods to their country. In the other hand, at present, the development of communication, transportation, education, and higher-technology influence to people life around the world, we cannot reject it, because our living depend on these things, and globalization is happened. Globalization make the world closer, we can communicate and manage many things easier and shorter time. For example, the production of a shirt, it is made by cotton from the United States, but it is not made in the United States; the United States sent

The Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace Free Essays

string(34) " who should have their own state\." Most people would think that wars are launched because a country needs more territory, or because a country’s borders are threatened, or because of appeasement. The real reason for war is that countries begin to feel that their honor is threatened; they feel that other nations are not giving them the worth and dignity they deserve, and so they take to the battlefield. On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace, Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on The Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kagan is a classical scholar who hopes to get politicians and statesmen to understand history so as not to repeat it. He reminds that this was the intention of Thucydides of ancient Greece who wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars for â€Å"those who wish to have a clear understanding both of events in the past and of those in the future which will, in all human likelihood, happen again in the same or a similar way. † His book starts with the Peloponnesian War of the fifth century B. C. – -the subject of a four-volume history Kagan finished in 1987–and ends with the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. He also analyzes the Second Punic War of 218 to 201 B. C. World War I, and World War II. War usually arrives over long distances and long stretches of time. For instance, in 226 B. C. Rome was by far the most powerful state in the Western world, but it concluded a treaty with Carthage which was expanding its influence in what is now Spain. The treaty sought to preserve the peace. Eight years later, after many twisting and turnings and concessions by Rome, it led to war. Rome limited the expansion of Carthage to the area south of the Ebro River, and it looked like an order delivered by Rome, not a concession. Actually, Kagan writes, â€Å"†¦ it was an attempt at appeasement in a moment of weakness and fear, the effect of which was to neither soothe nor deter but to inflame and encourage the Carthaginians. † The aftermath included events, which almost destroyed Rome’s fortunes: Hannibal’s arrival at the head of a powerful army in Italy itself and the beginning of the 18-year Second Punic War. Two wars, the First Opium War 1839-42 and the Second Opium War 1856- 60, waged by Britain against China to enforce the opening of Chinese ports to trade in opium. Opium from British India paid for Britain’ s imports from China, such as porcelain, silk, and, above all, tea. The First Opium War, between Britain and China, resulted in the cession of Hong Kong to Britain and the opening of five treaty ports. Other European states were also subsequently given concessions. The Second Opium War followed between Britain and France in alliance against China, when there was further Chinese resistance to the opium trade. China was forced to give the European states greater trading privileges, at the expense of its people. 839-42 and 1856-60, two wars between China and Western countries. The first was between Great Britain and China. Early in the 19th cent British merchants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases of tea for export to Britain. In 1839, China enforced its prohibitions on the importation of opium by destroying at Guangzhou (Canton) a large quantity of opium confiscated from British merchants. Great Britain, which had been looking to end China’s restrictions on foreign trade, responded by sending gunboats to attack several Chinese coastal cities. China, unable to withstand modern arms, was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) and the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (1843). These provided that the ports of Guangzhou, Jinmen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai should be open to British trade and residence; in addition Hong Kong was ceded to the British. Within a few years other Western powers signed similar treaties with China and received commercial and residential privileges, and the Western domination of China’s treaty ports began. In 1856 a second war broke out following an allegedly illegal Chinese search of a British-registered ship, the Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China’s subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain’s determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is a dangerous and volatile situation that has attracted American attention for some decades. The conflict is a sensitive subject that produces strong emotions in people. This conflict deals with Jewish nationalism, distribution of resources, and politics. About a hundred years ago, Jews underwent a drastic change in their view of themselves. At first a few, and then more, began to call themselves Zionists. Zionism is a term that in its broadest and early sense meant simply the â€Å"return† of Jews to their ancestral homeland. That homeland was called Zion (or Israel) and its heart was Jerusalem, known as the â€Å"City of Zion. Early Zionists were simply pious, nonpolitical, religious Jews who thought they could best practice their faith in the Land of Zion. Some went primarily to pray, to study their religious books, and to await the arrival of the Messiah. Politics played an influential role in their thinking. By the beginning of the 20th century, however, Zionism came to have a political meaning: that Jews were not just a religious or ethnic group but were a nation of people who should have their own state. You read "The Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace" in category "Essay examples" Today Zionism is the term for Jewish nationalism. Not all Jews agree upon what Zionism is, but to a point there is agreement, it is upon three things: there should be a Jewish state; it should be permanent, independent, and secure; and Jews who are threatened anywhere in the world should be able to go there to be safe. All other issues-the boundaries of the state, the nature of government, relations with the Palestinians, relations with American Jews, religious law-are in dispute. It is important to understand the Palestinian views . Keep in mind two points. First, people respond to the circumstances in which they live. If one is rich, one sees problems one way; if one is unemployed, one sees it a second way; if one owns a small shop, one sees it a third way. One must understand the circumstances in which Palestinians live if we are to understand their positions and actions. Second, there are about five million Palestinians. Like Americans, they disagree on political issues. They also change their minds as new circumstances develop. It is wrong to think Palestinians have a common view that remains unchanged. Their view changed considerably over the years. They view that the Israelis are taking the land rightfully theirs, and are being â€Å"bullied† by Israelis. They are the ones who had their land taken away from them and are left with no where to live. In 1948, there were approximately 860,000 Palestinians inside today’s Israel. About 700,000 were driven out or fled during the fighting that followed the declaration of Israeli statehood. The Palestinian population of Jerusalem went from 75,000 to 3,500; of Jaffa from 70,000 to 3,600; of Haifa from 71,000 to 2,900; of Lydda-Ramle from 35,000 to 2,000; of Tiberias from 5,300 to zero. All refugees lost their property (about 800,000 acres were taken for Israeli use. ). The 160,000 Palestinians still in Israel in 1949 when the fighting stopped lost another 250,000 acres. The Palestinians in Israel were left without resources or strong leaders. When the Likud Party took power in 1977, it intensified colonization, pouring some $1 billion into settlement building over the next seven years. Today, land taken from the Palestinians and earmarked for military purposes or Jewish settlements amounts to more than 52% of the most fertile areas of the West Bank and 40% of the Gaza Strip. Only a very small percentage of this land was sold willingly by Palestinians. Most of it was confiscated, and is held to be for Jews only-not-just Jews from Israel, but Jews from anywhere in the world. Many newly arrived immigrants from the United States and Russia are given heavily financed housing in the settlements built on seized Palestinian land. 1990, according to Israeli estimates, will divert 83% of the water from the West Bank to Jewish settlements and Israel. The indigenous Palestinians will get only 17% of their own water. This taking of natural resources from the Palestinians, are the reasons for the rise in conflict. To a large extent Jews and Palestinians are geographically concentrated. Most Jews live in Israel and most Palestinians live in the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem. There are exceptions of course. Many Jews live in the new ring of suburbs around East Jerusalem and in the new settlements in the West Bank and Gaza. And many Arabs live inside of Israel, particularly in Galilee, including Nazareth, and in the Negev Desert in the South. The first comprehensive peace talks between Israel and delegations representing the Palestinians and neighboring Arab states began in October 1991. After Likud lost the parliamentary election of June 1992, Labor party leader Yitzhak Rabin formed a new government. Rabin took a more conciliatory line toward the Palestinians and imposed strict limits on new Jewish settlements in the occupied territories. In 1993, after decades of violent conflict between Palestinians and Israelis, leaders from each side agreed to the signing of an historic peace treaty. Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin met in the United States on September 13 to witness the signing of the treaty, which paved the way for limited Palestinian self-rule in Israeli-occupied territories. The Gaza-Jericho Agreement was signed in Cairo on May 4, 1994, and applies to the Gaza Strip and to a defined area of about 65 square kilometers including Jericho and its environs. The Gaza-Jericho agreement addresses four main issues-security arrangements, civil affairs, legal matters, and economic relations. The document includes agreement to a withdrawal of Israeli military forces from Gaza and Jericho, a transfer of authority from the Israeli Civil Administration to a Palestinian Authority, the structure and composition of the Palestinian Authority is a Palestinian police force, and relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. After intensive diplomatic efforts by the United States, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel and Yasser Arafat agreed on September 29, 1996 to go to Washington the following week to seek ways out of a war that has put the entire Israeli-Palestinian peace in jeopardy. Despite the historical tensions of the Middle East, recent issues have arisen to intensify the conflict. Angry Palestinians protested Israel’s decision to open an archeological site, the issue becoming one more in a growing number of Middle East tensions. The Muslim crowd feared the excavation of an ancient tunnel, right beside the foundations of Jerusalem’s al Aqsa Mosque compound, would undermine what is the third-holiest shrine in Islam after Mecca and Medina. The tunnel excavation dispute is only the latest indication of rising tension between Arabs and Israelis. And the latest death count is 76 (as of October 1, 1996). In conclusion, this is an issue that deals with politics, uneven distribution of resources, and nationalism, and will take a great effort to come to an agreement. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a â€Å"battle† that has a long history that will continue till a mutual understanding and agreement is settled. Until the Israelis and the Palestinians can settle their differences and cooperate with each other, the â€Å"battle† will continue on. â€Å"No new taxes. This is a quote that most all of us remember from the1992 presidential election. Along with it we remember that there were new taxes during that presidents term in office. There are a myriad of promises made and things done in a presidential election year that have questionable motives as to whether they are done in the best interest of the people or in the interests of the presidential candidate. These hidden interests are one of the biggest problems w ith the political aspects of government in modern society. One of the prime examples of this is the Vietnam War. Although South Vietnam asked for our help, which we had previously promised, the entire conflict was managed in order to meet personal political agendas and to remain politically correct in the world’s eyes rather than to bring a quick and decisive end to the conflict. This can be seen in the selective bombing of Hanoi throughout the course of the Vietnam War. Politically this strategy looked very good. However, militarily it was ludicrous. War is the one arena in which politicians have no place. War is the military’s sole purpose. Therefore, the U. S. Military should be allowed to conduct any war, conflict, or police action that it has been committed to without political interference or control because of the problems and hidden interests which are always present when dealing with polite United States involvement in the Vietnam War actually began in 1950 when the U. S. began to subsidize the French Army in South Vietnam. This involvement continued to escalate throughout the 1950’s and into the early 1960’s. On August 4, 1964 the Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in which American Naval Vessels in South Vietnamese waters were fired upon by North Vietnam. On August 5, 1964 President Johnson requested a resolution expressing the determination of the United Sates in supporting freedom and in protecting peace in southeast Asia (Johnson). On August 7, 1964, in response to the presidential request, Congress authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel any attack and to prevent aggression against the U. S. n southeast Asia (United States). The selective bombing of North Vietnam began immediately in response to this resolution. In March of the following year U. S. troops began to arrive. Although the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution specifically stated that we had no military, political, or territorial ambitions in southeast Asia, the interests back home were quite a different story (Johnson). The political involvement in Vietnam was about much more than just promised aid to a weak country in order to prevent the spread of communism. It was about money. After all, wars require equipment, guns, tools and machinery. Most of which was produced in the United States. It was about proving America’s commitment to stop communism. Or rather to confine communism in its present boundaries But most of all it was about politics. The presidential political involvement in Vietnam had little to do with Vietnam at all. It was about China for Eisenhower, about Russia for Kennedy, about Washington D. C. for Johnson, and about himself for Nixon (Post). The last two of which were the major players in America’s involvement in regards to U. S. Troops being used (Wittman). The military involvement in Vietnam is directly related to the political management of the military throughout the war. The military controlled by the politicians. The micro management of the military by the White House for political gain is the primary reason for both the length and cost, both monetary and human, of the Vietnam War (Pelland). One of the largest problems was the lack of a clear objective in the war and the support to accomplish it. The predominant military opinion of the military’s role in Vietnam in respect to the political involvement is seen in the following quote by General Colin Powell, â€Å"If you’re going to put into something then you owe the armed forces, you owe the American People, you owe just you’re own desire to succeed, a clear statement of what political objective you’re trying to achieve and then you put the sufficient force to that objective so that you know when you’ve accomplished it. The politicians dictated the war in Vietnam, it was a limited war, the military was never allowed to fight the war in the manner that they thought that they needed to, in order to win it (Baker). To conclude on the Vietnam War, the political management of the war made it unwinnable. The military was at the mercy of politicians who knew very little about what needed to be done militarily in order to win the war. There is an enormous difference between political judgment and military judgment. This difference is the primary reason for the outcome of the Vietnam War (Schwarzkopf). The United States policy of Vietnamization was a good idea, but the time was not ripe for it to best be used. Nearly all experts in South Vietnam as incapable of handling a combined threat rated Saigon’s military strength. True, Vietnamization was not what led to the total withdrawl of troops from Vietnam, but the opinions pressed by Laird had somewhat of an affect on our agreeing to sign a cease-fire agreement. Also, if we had used Vietnamization’s program of building up South Vietnam’s armed forces more extensively, South Vietnam might still be in existence today. The Gulf War in the Middle East was almost the exact opposite in respect to the political influence on the war. In respect to the military objective of the war the two are relatively similar. The objective was to liberate a weaker country from their aggressor. The United Nation’s resolution was explicit in its wording regarding military force in the Persian Gulf. The resolution specifically stated â€Å"by all means necessary. â€Å"(Schwarzkopf). The President was very aware of the problems with political management of warfare throughout the war. He was very determined to let the military call the shots about how the war was conducted. He made a specific effort to prevent the suggestion that civilians were going to try to run the war (Baker). Painful lessons had been learned in the Vietnam War, which was still fresh on the minds of many of those involved in this war (Baker). The military was given full control to use force as they saw fit. Many of the top military leaders had also been involved in the Vietnam War. These men exhibited a very strong never again attitude throughout the planning stages of this war. General Schwarzkopf made the following statement about the proposed bombing of Iraq in regards to the limited bombing in Vietnam, â€Å"I had no doubt we would bomb Iraq if I was going to be the Military Commander. † He went on to say that it would be absolutely stupid to go into a military campaign against his, Iraq’s, forces who had a tremendous advantage on us on the ground, numbers wise. It would be ludicrous not to fight the war in the air as much, if not more, than on the ground (Schwarzkopf). The result of the Gulf War in which the military was given control, as we know, was a quick, decisive victory. There were many other factors involved in this than just the military being given control, particularly in contrast to Vietnam, but the military having control played a major part in this victory. In conclusion, although there are some major differences between the two conflicts one fact can be seen very clearly. That is the fact that the military is best suited for conducting wars. Politicians are not. It is not the place of a politicians to be involved in the decision making process in regards to war or military strategy. The White House has significant control in military matters. That control should be used to help the military in achieving its goals, as it was in the Gulf War where George Bush said specifically to let the military do its job. The only alternative to this is to use political influence in the same way that it was used in Vietnam. If we do not learn from these lessons that are so obvious in the differences between these two conflicts then we are condemned to repeat the same mistakes. Lets just pray that it does not take the death of another 58,000 of America’s men to learn that the politician’s place is not in war but in peace (Roush). 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